Begriffslexikon zu Pantheon
gain the power of Pharaoh himself (not too long ago I heard that Seth is even said to have been Osiris' governor). However, since he had a son who contested the throne from Seth, his victory was short-lived. Then Seth was ordered to see the sun god Re, who personally assigned him a place in his boat. According to a legend, Re said: “He will roar across the sky and people will be afraid of him.” So Seth always accompanies the sun god on his travels. His function as the god of thunder is also shown here. Since the legend of Osiris, Seth has been seen as the god of evil (When the Osiris legend came into being, there were some great cults in Egypt, including that of Osiris and that of Seth.The priests of Seth had opposed an empire unification by Narmer / Aha, which the priests of Osiris exploited for themselves and thus more and more ostracized Seth as the "god of evil and chaos"); Seth was also seen as the god of emptiness and loneliness.
As defender of the barque Re's, he is responsible for the victory over Apep. So he shows himself both as the main defender and as an enemy of the gods.
Seth is mainly depicted as a man with a dog-like head (the divine Uas scepter, by the way, adorns the head of the Seth animal), whereby opinions differ about its zoological purpose. Some think it is a jackal or even a fox, a dingo or even a wolf; others say he is a horse or a donkey; Others claim that he is an anteater or a pig and some say that Seth is a greyhound (I share this opinion, by the way. Would even call him an early form of the greyhound, as this breed of dog was more than 8000 years ago was known in ancient Egypt.More recent finds prove this. A plate from the predynastic period was found with the animal of Seth on it, which also shows how old this god, or at least the animal, and how long he has been known to the Egyptians.) I have even seen "representations" on depicting a cat who is identified as Seth - this is the so-called cat of Heliopolis, who cuts off Apep's head with a knife.
Nephthys / Nebt-het: Her name means "mistress of the house".
This goddess appears in relatively few stories; This is also the case in the famous Osiris legend, in which she mourns him with her sister Isis, then goes in search of Osiris together with her and her son Anubis and assists in his resurrection. In this way she becomes the protector of the dead. She is often depicted on sarcophagi together with Isis (Isis on the head part of the sarcophagus and Nephthys on the foot part). Furthermore she is the nurse of Horus.Another source tells of a quarrel between her and Osiris. From this liason came Anubis. It is said, however, that Osiris confused the two sisters ...
Nephthys is the patroness of the canopic jars. She pursues this task together with Neith, Selket and Isis.
She is depicted as a woman with a headdress that looks like a basket on a house floor plan, which is also her hieroglyphic symbol.
Toth / Dehuti: The ibis-headed god of science is said to have great wisdom. He is considered the inventor of writing to record progress. He was also the god of mathematics and the designer of all temples, since only he was able to precisely align and record everything.
As the scribe of the gods and messengers of the gods, the Greeks equated him with the god Hermes. Toth was also considered to be the main advisor and friend of Re (this is mentioned in the story of the Battle of Haroeris, among other things). After Re was tired of the constant quarrels among the people, he was considered to be his deputy.So he watched over humanity during the night and became the moon god.
In the myth of Heliopolis, he is said to have rolled the moon to get more days in the year. Re had banned the birth of the Nut's children on one of the calendar days. Toth won the game and the year was divided into 12 months with 30 days each (that's how he invented the game of dice.)
In his function as moon god, Toth was also considered the master of time (because of the moon phases, I guess). He was also capable of magic and medicine.
Because he knew that he was superior to the other gods, he often got on their nerves: He loves long discourses, uses complicated words and an affected tone - in short: he liked to hear himself talk! Isis once said to him: "How wise is your heart, but how slow you are in making up your mind!"
He is usually portrayed as an ibis-headed man, but he could also appear in the judgment of the dead as a baboon, the sacred animal of the dead.Either he weighs the deceased's heart there and notes the results, or he just sits there and watches the spectacle.
The baboon is considered the patron saint of scribes.
Anti: The falcon god Anti is one of the less popular deities of the Egyptian pantheon. He is only known from a small passage in the Osiris legend. After Seth had decreed that Isis was no longer allowed to take part in the negotiations for the earthly throne, she asked the god Anti to let her go to the island on which the negotiations were taking place. Anti only agreed when Isis gave him a splendid ring, which she had previously put on her finger, knowing that Anti could not resist looking at it. Here he acts as a kind of guardian deity (who admittedly does not fulfill her duties).
He is also part of the crew on Res Sun Ship and controls them.
Sokar / Sokaris: Sokar was mainly worshiped as the god of craft, especially blacksmithing, and is therefore also considered the inventor of metallurgy.Furthermore, he was god of death of the necropolis of Memphis and lord of the kingdom of Rosetau, "the gates to the tunnels", which means the entrance to the underworld. There he was also "Lord of the Flaming Lakes", into which the souls of the unholy dead were thrown if Osiris left them with a negative judgment.
He later merged more and more with Ptah and Osiris and becomes Ptah-Sokar or Ptah-Sokar-Osiris, who then took over his attrinute.
He is often represented in the form of a mummy with a falcon's head, but sometimes also as a falcon enthroned on a boat, the bow of which is adorned with an antelope's head.